Application of satellite remote sensing in geological environment investigation; Development of a geobotanical remote sensing method for estimating high water table areas in a humid warm-temperate region

Koide, Kaoru

JAEA-Research 2023-003, 101 Pages, 2023/06

JAEA-Research-2023-003.pdf:14.08MB

This study developed a geobotanical remote sensing method for estimating high water table areas such as groundwater discharge points using differences in the growth conditions of forest trees induced by moisture supply from groundwater in a humid warm-temperate forest area. A new vegetation index (VI) termed AgbNDVI (Added green band NDVI) was proposed to discriminate the differences. The AgbNDVI proved to be more sensitive to water stress on green vegetation than existing VIs: SAVI and EVI2, and possessed a strong linear correlation with the vegetation fraction. To validate the proposed method, a 23 km study area was selected in the Tono region of Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. The AgbNDVI values were calculated from atmospheric corrected SPOT HRV data. To correctly detect high VI points, the influence factors on tree growth were identified using the AgbNDVI values, DEM and forest type data; the study area was then divided into 555 segments according to combinations of the influence factors: elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect and forest type. Thresholds for detecting high VI points were defined for each segment based on a histogram of AgbNDVI values. By superimposing the high VI points on topographic and geologic maps, most of the high VI points are clearly located on the concave/convex slopes and near the geologic boundaries prone to groundwater runoff. In addition, field investigations support the correctness of the high VI points, because the growth increments and biomass of trees () are greater than at points other than the high VI points, and they are located around known groundwater seeps and in a high water table area. Consequently, the proposed method can be expected to provide useful information for characterizing hydrogeological structures by combining with conventional photo-geological interpretation.

The Development of Petri Net-based continuous Markov Chain Monte Carlo methodology applying to dynamic probability risk assessment for multi-state resilience systems with repairable multi-component interdependency under longtermly thereat

Li, C.-Y.; Watanabe, Akira*; Uchibori, Akihiro; Okano, Yasushi

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 23 Pages, 2023/00

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2023.2290067

Numerical investigations on the coolability and the re-criticality of a debris bed with the density-stratified configuration

Li, C.-Y.; Uchibori, Akihiro; Takata, Takashi; Pellegrini, M.*; Erkan, N.*; Okamoto, Koji*

Dai-25-Kai Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shimpojiumu Koen Rombunshu (Internet), 4 Pages, 2021/07

The capability of stable cooling and avoiding re-criticality on the debris bed are the main issues for achieving IVR (In-Vessel Retention). In the actual situation, the debris bed is composed of mixed-density debris particles. Hence, when these mixed-density debris particles were launched to re-distribute, the debris bed would possibly form a density-stratified distribution. For the proper evaluation of this scenario, the multi-physics model of CFD-DEM-Monte-Carlo based neutronics is established to investigate the coolability and re-criticality on the heterogeneous density-stratified debris bed with considering the particle relocation. The CFD-DEM model has been verified by utilizing water injection experiments on the mixed-density particle bed in the first portion of this research. In the second portion, the coupled system of the CFD-DEM-Monte-Carlo based neutronics model is applied to reactor cases. Afterward, the debris particles' movement, debris particles' and coolant's temperature, and the k-eff eigenvalue are successfully tracked. Ultimately, the relocation and stratification effects on debris bed's coolability and re-criticality had been quantitatively confirmed.

Compton scattering of quasi-monochromatic -ray beam

Omer, M.; Shizuma, Toshiyuki*; Hajima, Ryoichi*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 951, p.162998_1 - 162998_6, 2020/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162998

Systematic effects on cross section data derived from reaction rates in reactor spectra and a re-analysis of Am reactor activation measurements

erovnik, G.*; Schillebeeckx, P.*; Becker, B.*; Fiorito, L.*; Harada, Hideo; Kopecky, S.*; Radulovic, V.*; Sano, Tadafumi*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 877, p.300 - 313, 2018/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.064

Methodologies to derive cross section data from spectrum integrated reaction rates were studied. The Westcott convention and some of its approximations were considered. The accuracy of the results strongly depends on the assumptions that are made about the neutron energy distribution, which is mostly parameterised as a sum of a thermal and an epi-thermal component. Resonance integrals derived from such data can be strongly biased. When the energy dependence of the cross section is known and information about the neutron energy distribution is available, a method to correct for a bias on the cross section at thermal energy is proposed. Reactor activation measurements to determine the thermal Am(n, ) cross section reported in the literature were reviewed, where the results were corrected to account for possible biases. These data combined with results of time-of-flight measurements give a capture cross section 720 (14) b for Am(n, ) at thermal energy.

Measurement of neutron spectra produced in the forward direction from thick graphite, Al, Fe and Pb targets bombarded by 350 MeV protons

Iwamoto, Yosuke; Taniguchi, Shingo*; Nakao, Noriaki*; Itoga, Toshio*; Nakamura, Takashi*; Nakane, Yoshihiro; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Satoh, Daiki; Yashima, Hiroshi*; Yamakawa, Hiroshi*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 562(2), p.789 - 792, 2006/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.056

Neutron energy spectra produced from thick targets play an important role in validation of calculation codes that are employed in the design of spallation neutron sources and the shielding design of accelerator facilities. However, appropriate experimental data were scarce in the forward direction for the incident energy higher than 100 MeV. In this study, neutron spectra at 0 degree from thick targets bombarded with 350 MeV protons were measured by the time-of-flight technique using an NE213. The targets used were graphite, Al, Fe and Pb and their thicknesses were chosen to be a little thicker than the stopping lengths. The experiment was carried out at the TOF course of the RCNP (Research Center of Nuclear Physics) ring cyclotron, Osaka University. The flight path length between center of the target and of an NE213 were 11.4 m for the measurement of low energy neutrons and 95 m for high energy neutrons. The experimental data are compared with the calculated results by using the Monte Carlo transport codes, such as MCNPX and PHITS codes.

Radiation loss by impurities measured from the large helical device

Kato, Takako*; Murakami, Izumi*; Goto, Motoshi*; Morita, Shigeru*; Ida, Katsumi*; Peterson, B. J.*; Funaba, Hisamichi*; Nakano, Tomohide

Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research SERIES, Vol.7, p.1 - 4, 2006/00

We analyzed impurity VUV spectral emission quantitatively. Electron temperature is derived from the intensity ratio of CIII line intensities. Radiation loss sources are identified using spectroscopy and bolometer in the case of radiation collapse caused by neon gas puffing. Time dependent radiation loss of impurity ions are derived from line intensities of impurities.

Neutron spectra and angular distributions of concrete-moderated neutron calibration fields at JAERI

Yoshizawa, Michio; Tanimura, Yoshihiko; Saegusa, Jun; Nemoto, Hisashi*; Yoshida, Makoto

Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 110(1-4), p.81 - 84, 2004/09

https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nch198

The facility of Radiation Standards (FRS) of JAERI has equipped with the concrete-moderated neutron calibration fields as simulated workplace neutron fields. The fields use an Am-Be (37GBq) neutron source placed in the narrow space surrounded by concrete wall and bricks to produce scattered neutrons. The neutron spectra of the fields were measured with Bonner multi-sphere spectrometer system (BMS), spherical recoil-proton proportional counters (RPCs), and a liquid scintillation counter (NE-213). The results were compared with each other, and the neutron spectra and the ambient dose equivalent rate, (10), were agreed well within the uncertainty. The angular distributions of neutron fluence were calculated by the MCNP-4B2 Monte Carlo code to obtain the reference personal dose equivalent rate, (10). The calculated results show that the scattered neutrons have a wide variety of incident angles. The reference (10) values considered the angular distribution were found to be 10-18% smaller than those without consideration.

Establishment of X-ray reference fields for performance tests of radiation measuring instruments based on international standard(ISO4037-1)

Shimizu, Shigeru; Zhang, Q.; Kajimoto, Yoichi; Kawasaki, Tomokatsu; Fujii, Katsutoshi

JAERI-Tech 2003-095, 52 Pages, 2004/01

JAERI-Tech-2003-095.pdf:2.66MB

The International Standards ISO4037-1 of the International Organization for Standardization widely applied in the world to construct X-ray reference fields for performance tests of radiation measuring instruments. The application of the current JAERI's X-ray reference field constructed in accordance with the Japanese Standards should be limited for domestic purposes becase of the characterization technique different from the International Standards. Therefore,for application to international performance tests, X-ray reference fields in the narrow,wide and high air-kerma series based on the International Standards were established using the medium-hard X-ray generator of the Facility of Radiation Standards(FRS), JAERI. This report presents quality characterization, estimation of X-ray spectra of each dose units of the new FRS's fields,and comparison of the qualities and the X-ray spectra to those of the ISO's. The FRS's qualities show good agreement with ISO's: the reference fields should serve for performance tests for international radiation protection purposes.

Singular point analysis

Tokuda, Shinji

Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 78(9), p.913 - 924, 2002/09

https://doi.org/10.1585/jspf.78.913

An introductory review is given on recent developments in the methods for stability analysis of a toroidally confined plasma. Emphasis is put on the perturbation analysis of a magnetohydrodynamic system that has the marginally stable state as a terminal point of continuous spectra. We address ourselves to the asymptotic matching method pertinent to such a problem. The Newcomb equation and inner-layer equations are essential ingredients in the methods and the numerical methods for solving them are discussed.